Biragoye kubona umuntu muri iyi myaka utazi murandasi (internet). Cyane cyane urubyiruko, bayikoresha bashakisha amakuru, biga ibishya, basabana n’inshuti n’ibindi. Binavugwa ko ikintu cyose wifuza kumenya wakimenya wifashishije murandasi. Ariko se wabyizera nkubwiye ko igice kinini cy’amakuru ari kuri murandasi, abantu basanzwe badafite ubushobozi bwo kuyageraho? Bivuze ko amakuru twe tubasha kubona tunyuze kuri murandasi bisanzwe, ari agace gato k’amakuru ari kuri murandasi.
Muri iyi nyandiko, tugiye kuvuga ku byiciro bibikwaho amakuru kuri murandasi. Harimo igice abantu bose babona (surface web), amakuru agenewe abantu runaka babifitiye uburenganzira (deep web) ndetse n’igice cy’amakuru ahishwe, ariko buri wese yageraho akoresheje gahunda za mudasobwa zidasanzwe (Dark web).
Surface web
Iyo ukeneye amakuru, hari icyo ushaka kumenya, ujya kuri Google ugashakisha. Iyo ukeneye kumenya amakuru ku muntu, ujya kuri social media ugashakisha amazina ye, cyangwa ugashakisha kuri Google. Amakuru ubona iyo ushakishije hano, ni amakuru ari ku ka rubanda buri muntu wese yabasha kubona.
Iki kiciro kiriho aya makuru, ni cyo kitwa Surface web cyangwa World Wide Web. Buri muntu wese ufite murandasi yabasha kuyabona.
Deep web
Iyo ukora mu kigo runaka, baba bafite gahunda za mudasobwa n’itumanaho ry’ibanga rikoreshwa n’abakozi ba bo gusa. Amakuru abitswe muri ubu buryo, abasha kugerwaho n’abantu bakora muri ibyo bigo gusa. Abandi bantu ntibabasha kuyageraho. Iki kiciro cy’amakuru kitwa Deep web. Ndetse 95% y’amakuru ari kuri murandasi, abitswe muri ubu buryo. Aya makuru ntushobora kuyabona uri gushakishiriza kuri Google cyangwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.
Bisaba ko uhabwa ubushobozi na ba nyirayo ngo uyagereho. Aya ni yo makuru ujya wumva aba hackers biba bakayagurisha.
Dark web
Uretse ariya makuru agerwaho n’abantu babifitiye uburenganzira akaba atari ku ka rubanda, hari andi makuru ahishwe cyangwa ntabe agaragara imbere ya bose, ariko bikaba bishoboka ko yayageraho. Ayo makuru twavugamo nk’ahagurishirizwa amabanga akomeye, intwaro, ibiyobyabwenge, ibice by’imibiri n’ibindi. Iki kiciro kubera ibyo bintu bikorerwamo kiba kirinzwe cyane ku buryo kugira ngo ubashe kwinjira muri ayo makuru ngo uyamenye, ukenera kuba ufite gahunda za mudasobwa zabugenewe.
Urugero rw’izo gahunda twavugamo nka TOR, GNUNet, Freenet, Vivaldi, Epic Browser n’izindi. Abantu bazikoresha, baba bazikoreshwa batazwi ku buryo ibikorwa byabo byose biba ari ibanga. Abantu bakoresha iki kiciro usanga akenshi ari abanyabyaha, ndetse na leta zikeneye gutambutsa amakuru y’ibanga cyane.
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