Tekereza uri gukora gahunda ya mudasobwa (software) yo gucuruza cyangwa yo kugufasha mu bundi bucuruzi ukora. Ugeze igihe cyo kuyishyira ku karubanda ngo abantu bose babashe kuyibona. Ariko, wowe ntabwo uzi uko bikorwa, bityo wegeye inzobere mu ikoranabuhanga ngo igufashe kumenya uko wabikora. Iyo nzobere irakubwiye iti kugira ngo abantu babashe kugera kuri software yawe, ukeneye seriveri (mudasobwa yihariye) uzashyiraho iyo software yawe. Nawe uti, “iyi seriveri nzayigura, cyangwa nakoresha mudasobwa ngendanwa yanjye?”, iyo nzobere irakubwiye iti, “ushobora kuyigura cyangwa ukayikodesha.” irakomeza iti, “kubera ko seriveri ari mudasobwa iba yihariye, ntiwakoresha mudasobwa ngendanwa. Bityo bisaba ko uyigura byihariye, ariko udafite ubushobozi, ushobora nanone kuyikodesha ku bantu bazikodesha, ibi ni byo byitwa Cloud computing.” Nawe uti, “Ni ikihe kiza kurusha ikindi?”
Ku wa gatanu, tariki ya 26 Mutarama 2024, muri Rwanda Technology Community, iki kibazo nicyo twasubije mu kiganiro Digital Discourse tugira buri cyumweru. Ndetse muri iyi nyandiko, nawe uraza kubonamo igisubizo ndetse n’andi makuru kuri Cloud computing.
Cloud computing na On-Premises
Iyo tuvuze On-Premises, tuba tuvuze seriveri n’ibindi bikenerwa byose waguze ukabishyira aho ukorera, akaba ari na ho usakariza software yawe. Ubwo ni ukuvuga ko ibikoresho uba ufite, biba bikubiyemo ibikoresho biguhuza na murandasi (routers, switches), mudasobwa yabugenewe (seriveri), ibikoresho by’umutekano (firewalls), ndetse n’ibikoresho bikonjesha kugira ngo ibi bikoresho byose bitazashya bitewe no gukora cyane. Noneho twavuga cloud computing, tukaba dushatse kuvuga kubikodesha binyuze kuri murandasi. Hari ibigo bifite ibi bikoresho bihagije, ndetse nawe wakodeshaho bimwe muri byo bitewe n’ibyo ukeneye.
Ibi byombi ni byiza, ariko reka turebe itandukaniro riri hagati yíbi byombi ndetse níbyo ukwiye kumenya mbere yo guhitamo.
| On-Premises | Cloud Computing |
| Bitwara amafaranga menshi. Ugura ibikoresho, ugashaka aho kubishyira, ukishyura ababyitaho, kandi iyo bigize ikibazo, wishyura andi yo kugikemura. | Ibi byose ubikorerwa na nyiri bikoresho. Wowe wishyura amafaranga ya serivise byose ukabihabwa. Serivise ijyana n’amafaranga wishyuye. |
| Iyo ukeneye kwimuka biragorana kuko ukenera kwimukana imashini zose. | Iyo ukeneye kwimuka nta kintu na kimwe bigusaba kuko ibyo ukoresha byose biba biri kuri murandasi. |
| Uko software yawe igenda ikura, ukenera kugura izindi seriveri cyangwa ubundi bubiko. | Uko software yawe ikura, wishyura andi mafaranga kugira ngo uhabwe ibijyanye níkigero cya software yawe. Hamwe na hamwe bakugabanyiriza igiciro uko software yawe ikura. |
| Bitwara ahantu hagari kugira ngo ubike ibikoresho byose bikenerwa, ndetse no kugira ngo wagure. | Nta bikoresho bihambaye bitwara ahantu hagari. Ukoresha mudasobwa ndendanwa mu gukoresha murandasi. |
| Kuyirinda biravuna. Uba ukeneye kugura ibikoresho byinshi by’umutekano, ndetse no kurinda aho ibikoresho biherereye. | Abatanga izi serivise ni bo baba bashinzwe gutunganya umutekano ndetse babisabwa n’amategeko kuba hari ibyo bujuje. |
| Iyo hari software zikeneye amavugurura (updates) urabyikorera. | Abatanga izi serivise bagukorera amavugurura yose. |
Nubwo bitandukanye, ariko dukwiye kwibuka ko kugira ngo tubone Cloud computing, ari uko hari umuntu runaka uba warashoye mu bikorwaremezo biro On-Premises. Ntabwo cloud iri mu kirere.
Cloud computing ni iki?
Tugendeye ku byo twavuze hejuru, twasobanura Cloud computing nk’uburyo, bwo gutanga serivise n’ibikorwaremezo bijyanye na mudasobwa hifashishijwe murandasi (interineti). Izo serivise n’ibi bikorwaremezo twavugamo nkímbaraga za mudasobwa, ububiko, itumanaho, seriveri, software, n’ibindi hagamijwe korohereza ababikeneye kubikoresha byoroshye hagamijwe kwihutisha guhanga udushya no gusangira ibi bikoresho.
Urugero: Iyo ufashe amafoto uyu munsi ukayashyira kuri telephone yawe, haba hari ibyago ko telephone yawe ipfuye, ayo mafoto yabura burundu. Ariko kugira ngo utazayabura, uyabika kuri cloud storage nka Google Drive, iCloud cyangwa nízindi kugira ngo bizakorohere kongera kuyabona n’igihe telephone yawe yagira ikibazo. Aha ni hamwe mu hantu hakoreshwa Cloud mu kubika amakuru.
Ubwoko bwa Cloud computing
Ubwoko bwa yo, twabusobanura mu buryo bubiri. Bitewe n’uko igera ku bantu (Deployment model), ndetse na serivise zitangirwaho (Service model). Duhereye ku buryo bwa mbere bugendeye ku itangwa ryayo, hari itangwa kuri rubanda (public), hari iyihariye (private), ndetse hari n’ababikoresha byombi (hybrid). Tugendeye kuri serivise zitangirwaho, ifite ibyiciro bitatu birimo itangirwaho ibikorwaremezo bya mudasobwa n’itumanaho (Iaas: Infrastructure as a Service), itangirwaho software zikoreshwa mu gukora izindi (PaaS: Platform as a Service), ndetse n’itangirwaho software zisanzwe zikoreshwa na benshi (SaaS: Software as a Service).
Deployment Model
Public: Iyo ikigo gifite seriveri cyangwa ibindi bikorwa remezo, ariko kikemerera rubanda kuba bakoresha ibyo bikorwa remezo. Muri make bigasangizwa abandi, Tuvuge nk’ububiko bunyuze kuri interineti, icyo kigo kiba kiri gutanga public cloud. Ibigo byinshi bitanga cloud muri ubu buryo, nawe ufite ubushobozi bwo gutanga iyi serivise wayikora. Abantu basanzwe usanga akenshi bakoresha bi bikorwa remezo nk’ububiko bwa kabiri (backup), bakabikoresha mu gushyiraho software bakoze n’ibindi.
Private: Hari igihe noneho, ikigo kiba gifite ibikorwa remezo, ariko bidasangirwa n’abandi. Ibi biba biri private. Usanga babikoresha mu imbere muri icyo kigo, abantu bo hanze bakaba batabifiteho ububasha. Ubusanzwe ibi bisaba ko ibikorwaremezo bikoreshwa biba biri aho babikeneye, ariko hari ibindi bigo bifasha abakeneye private cloud bakabatiza ibikorwaremezo bitari aho. Ibyiza bya private, yongera ikigero cyúbugenzuzi ku bikorwaremezo bikoreshwa níkigo runaka.
Hybrid: Hari igihe ibigo bitandukanye biba byifuza gufatirana inyungu yo guhendukirwa níbyiza bya Public cloud, bakayikoresha mu bikorwa bitateza akaga cyane, noneho bakanakoresha Private cloud mu bikorwa bishobora kubashyira mu kangaratete cyangwa by’amabanga. Iri huzwa na Private na Public ni ryo ryitwa Hybrid.
Service Model
IaaS: Iyo uguze seriveri, ugura na interineti n’ibigendana na yo, ukagura firewall zo kurinda umutekano, n’ibikoresho bikonjesha. Ugashaka n’inzobere izajya ibyitaho (IT Administrator). Muri iki kiciro cya Cloud ibi nibyo uhabwa. Byose biba bitunganyije, wowe ugahabwa mudasobwa iteguye ushobora guhita utangira gukoresha. IT Administrator uba ukimukeneye, ariko aba yita kuri iyi mudasobwa itari mu nzu yawe, ahubwo aba yita kuri mudasobwa níbikorwaremezo mwakodesheje.
PaaS: Hari igihe noneho uba udafite IT Administrator cyangwa utamukeneye kubera ko bishoboka ko udakeneye byinshi. Aha niho usaba guhabwa noneho ibikorwa remezo bitunganyije, na software z’ingenzi zitunganyije wowe uhita utangira kuzikoresha. Ibi bikenerwa n’abakora software (Software Developers), baba badakeneye kumara umwanya bita ku gutunganya seriveri, ahubwo baba bakeneye seriveri iteguye barahita bashyiraho software bakoze.
SaaS: Hari igihe uba ukeneye serivise runaka, tuvuge ukeneye koroshya itumanaho mu kigo cyawe, cyangwa ukeneye uburyo bushya bwo gutunganya inyemezabwishyu. Ushobora gusaba aba software developers bakagukorera software yawe yihariye, ariko birashoboka cyane ko hari indi software isanzwe ihari ikora nk’ibyo wifuza gukora kandi ikaba iri kuri murandasi. Aha niho ugura ifatabuguzi kuri iyo software, ugatangira kuyikoresha. Wowe nta kindi kikureba ku byerekeranye no gutuma ikora ibyo ikora. Wowe urayikoresha gusa.
Ni bande batanga iyi serivise?
Hari ibigo byinshi kuri iyi si bitanga iyi serivise. Ibikomeye muri byo ni Amazon, Microsoft, Google, IBM, Dell n’ibindi. Ndetse aba bakaba bari mu babitangije nyuma yo kubona ko bafite ibikorwaremezo bibahenda kubyitaho bitabinjiriza kandi hari abandi babikeneye ariko badafite uko babibona.
Mu Rwanda na ho ntitwacikanwe, hari ibigo byo mu Rwanda bitanga serivise za Cloud computing harimo nka AOS na Megabit Cloud ndetse muri uyu mwaka wa 2024, nk’uko byatangajwe umwaka ushize, hashobora kubakwa izindi datacenter (ububiko bw’amakuru bwagutse) z’ikigo cya Oracle.
Gutangira gukoresha Cloud computing
Nkuko twabivuze hejuru, urabibona ko bifite inyungu ku kigo cyawe, akazi kawe, cyangwa no ku bakiriya bawe. Ni ingenzi ko mbere yo gutangira kuyikoresha ubanza gusobanukirwa uko ikora ndetse n’uko ikora mu bucuruzi bwawe cyangwa mu kazi kawe, twagufasha. Niba uri software developer, ni ingenzi kubimenya byibuze ukagiraho amakuru.
Mu gutangira twaguhitiyemo amwe mu masomo wakoresha wiga Cloud computing muri rusange, cyangwa n’andi akwigisha gukoresha zimwe muri serivise zikoreshwa cyane.
- Isomo rikwigisha iby’ingenzi kuri Cloud computing
- Isomo rikwigisha gukoresha Amazon Web Services
- Isomo rikwigisha gukoresha Google cloud
- Isomo rikwigisha gukoresha Digital Ocean
Uretse kugira ubu bumenyi, ukeneye kandi kugira ubumenyi kuri Linux. Ni imwe muri operating system zikoreshwa cyane muri seriveri zitandukanye kandi uzakenera kuyikoresha kenshi. Iri somo na ryo ryagufasha:
Ukeneye ubufasha mu kwiga, community irahari ku bwawe. Bana natwe!
Ni iki gikurikiyeho!
Tukwifurije amahirwe mu rugendo rwawe rwo kwiga kuri Cloud computing kandi turizera ko uzakomeza kuyikoresha no kungukaho byinshi. Injira muri Rwanda Technology Community tuzajye tuganira ku ngingo zitandukanye z’ikoranabuhanga, kandi ntuzacikwe n’ikiganiro tuzagira mu cyumweru gitaha tariki 02 Gashyantare 2024, tuzaba tuganira ku ikorwa rya Chatbots. Ntuzacikwe!
Reka tugushimire gusoma ukagera hano, niba ukeneye ubufasha butandukanye mu ikoranabuhanga, ukeneye kwiga ku ngingi runaka, ukeneye amahugurwa ku itsinda runaka, andikira Techinika kuri info@techinika.com turagufasha. Ukeneye nanone kunguka ubumenyi buri munsi, injira muri community, ujye witabira ibikorwa bitandukanye dutegura.
Icyumweru kiza!