Mu mwaka wa 2009, abantu batazwi batangije impinduramatwara mu ikoranabuhanga. Ibi babikoze babinyujije mu gutangiza ifaranga rishya, rikorera kuri interineti, kandi ritagenzurwa na Leta iyo ariyo yose. Iri faranga rizwi nka Bitcoin. Ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu kugira ngo iryo faranga rikore, ni ikoranabuhanga abantu benshi babonyemo ubushobozi bwo gukemura n’ibindi bibazo isi ihura na byo. Gukemura ibibazo by’ikizere gike mu ihererekanya ritandukanye, ryaba iry’amafaranga, ububasha, imitungo n’ibindi. Ndetse abenshi bizera ko iri koranabuhanga ari ryo igisekuru cya gatatu cya web (interineti) kizaba gishingiyeho. Icyo gisekuru cya interineti kikaba ari cyo bita WEB3.
Iyi interineti ya Web3, iza ikurikiye ibisekuru byabanje nka Web1 na Web2. Buri gisekuru cyari gifite ibikiranga. Mu gisekuru cya mbere, abantu bashoboraga gusoma amakuru kuri interineti, cyangwa bakareba gusa ariko badashobora gusubiza. Ubwo ababaga bafite imbuga za interineti, ni bo bonyine bashoboraga gushyira amakuru kuri interineti. Mu gisekuru cya kabiri byarahindutse, aho ubu buri wese ashobora gushyira ikintu kuri interineti, niyo yaba nta rubuga afite.
Web3 ni iki gishya izanye?
Nubwo muri ibi bisekuru byombi, harimo ibyiza byinshi, muri Web2 hari ikibazo cy’uko amakuru yawe ugenda wohereza, usangiza abantu, aba abitse mu bubiko bw’amakuru bw’ibigo bikomeye, bakaba bayakoresha icyo bashatse igihe bashakiye. Niba hari amakuru wagiye wohereza ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, ubu ayo makuru abitse mu bubiko bwa Facebook, niba hari ibyo washakishije, ubu byose bibitse mu bubiko bwa Google, ndetse uko amakuru bagufiteho aba menshi, barakumenya byimbitse, bikaborohera kugufatirana bakakwamamazaho ibyo ushobora kugura.
Muri Web3, amakuru yawe, ntabwo azaba abitse mu bubiko bwa bo. Ni ukuvuga ngo Facebook iramutse iri muri Web3, amakuru twohereza yazajya agabanywa mu bikoresho by’abantu bose bakoresha Facebook. Ibi byatuma amakuru nta muntu umwe uyabitse, ndetse n’abo bose nubwo baba bafite ibice by’ayo makuru ntibaba bashobora kuyareba kuko aba arinzwe hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ryitwa Blockchain. Muri make urubuga rwaba rufite nyirarwo, ariko ububiko bw’amakuru nta nyirabwo, ariho haturuka ikizere kuko nta muntu umwe uba uyagenzura. Ibi nibyo byitwa Decentralization.
Kubera iki dukwiye kwiga gukora programu za Web3?
Ku wa gatanu, tariki ya 19 Mutarama 2024, muri Rwanda Technology Community, mu kiganiro tugira buri cyumweru, twari kumwe na Cyusa Asaph. Cyusa ni umwe mu bantu bake mu Rwanda batangiye gukora programu za Web3, ndetse ni nako kazi ke ka buri munsi. Yatubwiye uko impamvu dukwiye kumenya uko izi programu zikorwa, ndetse n’uko watangira kubyiga.
Amakuru abitseho aba atekanye cyane
Nkuko twabibonye haruguru, amakuru abitseho aba atekanye cyane. Bituma adashobora kubura, cyangwa ngo agire undi uyahungabanya. Iyi ni impamvu ikomeye yo gutuma utangira kwiga uko ibi bikora.
Ababikora baracyari bake
Kuko iri koranabuhanga rikira mu minsi ya ryo ya mbere, abantu benshi ntibaramenya kurikoresha. Ibi yabisobanuye atubwira ko ibigo bikenera abakozi bakora izi programu bitabona abahagije. Ahubwo hakirimo icyuho kinini, kandi akazi gahari. Yavuze kandi ko ako kazi gahemba neza.
Ni ikoranabuhanga ritanga ikizere
Nuko iri koranabuhanga rikiri rishya, hari ikizere ko zizagira ububasha bukomeye mu minsi iri imbere. Abantu bazaba barabashije kuryumva no kurikoresha bazaba bafite umwanya ukomeye muri icyo gihe. Tekereza nk’abantu batangiye kwiga gukora programu za mudasobwa interineti ikiri gutangira, ubwo interineti yageraga kuri benshi byabahaye akazi ndetse n’ububasha ku bakiriya benshi bazamukaga umunsi ku munsi.
Kuryiga biroroshye kandi birishyurirwa
Kubera ukuntu abakozi bakora ibi bakiri bake, imbuga zigishya gukoresha iri koranabuhanga zikorana n’ibigo bikenera abakozi kugira ngo batange ubumenyi kuri benshi, ndetse ubu bufatanye, butuma uwiga yigira ubuntu, ariko akaba anafite amahirwe yo kubona ibihembo mu gihe yiga agakora imyitozo myinshi. Cyusa yatweretse zimwe muri izo mbuga ndetse atubwira ko abazigiraho baba abahanga cyane muri iri koranabuhanga.
Ni gute watangira kwiga kurikoresha?
Ku bantu basanzwe bazi gukora programming, byaborohera gutangira. Ku bantu batabizi ariko babyifuza na bo, batangira biga kuri programming. Kuko Cyusa yatubwiye ko nubwo iri koranabuhanga rya Web3 risaba programming ijya akumera nk’isanzwe, hari imbuga zitandukanye ukoreraho zikoresha indimi za programming zitandukanye. Aho ukoresha Ethereum akoresha Solidity, ukoresha Solana, agakoresha Rust. Noneho gukora Front-end (ibyo abasura urubuga babona, ukoresha indi zisanzwe).
Hera hano:
Ku bantu bashaka gutangira, yabahitiyemo kwigira kuri Alchemy University. Yvuze ko kugeza kuri ubu, uru rubuga rukiri imbere mu gufasha abashaka kwiga gukoresha Web3. Kandi avuga ko na we ariyo yigiyeho bwa mbere, igatuma anabona akazi kuko ibigo birayizera kubera amasomo akomeye ariho. Iyo usuye urubuga rwa Alchemy, urakanda kuri Start Learning, ubundi ugakora konti, bakubaza gusubiza utubazo duke, ubundi ukagera kuri Dashboard.
Uramutse usanzwe uri umu programmer, uhera kuri Ethereum Dev. Bootcamp mu ruhande rw’ibumoso, ariko nanone uri guhera kuri zeru, hejuru hari andi masomo akwigisha JavaScript na Solidity. Uru rubuga yatubwiye ko rutakwigisha mu magambo gusa ahubwo baba bafite n’imyitozo ugenda ukora uko wiga, ikarushaho kugufasha kumenyera. Iri somo rimara ibyumweru birindwi, ariko iyo utamenyereye JavaScript bishobora kugutwara igihe kirekire kurushaho.
Imyitozo imwe n’imwe uhabwa isabwa ko uyishyira kuri Blockchain, baguha amafaranga ukeneye mu buryo bwa Crypto Currency.
Ukurikizeho:
Umaze kwigira kuri Alchemy, ukurikizeho LearnWeb3. Iyi yo nta masomo menshi aba ariho, ahubwo hariho imyitozo myinshi igufasha gukuza ubumenyi bwawe. Ikindi kiza cya yo, ni uko batanga ibihembo ku muntu wiga neza. Avuga nanone ko aya mafaranga aba aturuka muri bya bigo bikeneye abakozi, bafasha kugira ngo abantu bige cyane, ndetse bafasha no kugira ngo amasomo abe ari ubuntu.
Iyo umaze gukora iyi myitozo, uyishyira kuri GitHub. Noneho waba urahembwa, ukabona amafaranga mu buryo bwa Crypto currency. Yavuze kandi ko uramutse wigiye aha hombi honyine, ubumenyi wahakuye ukabukoresha ukora nka project, bigufasha kubona akazi kuko bidasaba ubumenyi buhambaye, kugira ngo ubone imirimo igendanye na Web3.
Ubishatse wakwigira na hano:
Yaduhaye n’indi yitwa CryptoZombie. Iyi na yo iba ifite amasomo akomeye yagufasha kwiga gukoresha Web3.
Uretse no kuba wakwiga kugira ngo uzabone akazi mu kigo gikoresha Web3, ushobora gukoresha Web3 ugakora umushinga ukemura ikibazo cyugarije abantu. Yaduhaye urugero ku kitwa Smart Contracts (Amasezerano akoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga). Aya masezerano aba agizwe na code zituma ibiri mu masezerano bikurikizwa hatajemo undi muntu wo hagati.
Uretse n’aya masezerano, yanatubwiye ko hari irindi koranabuhanga ryitwa Oracle, rifasha programu zo kuri Web3 gukoresha amakuru ari mu rindi koranabuhanga ritandukanye, nka Web2, IoT n’ibindi. Yakomeje kudusobanurira byinshi uko iri koranabuhanga rikora, ndetse aduha n’ingero.
Urugero rw’uko Web3 yakoreshwa
Yaduhaye urugero rwo gukoresha Web3 mu bwishingizi, noneho hagakoreshwa Smart Contracts. N’ubundi ibigo by’ubwishingizi bisanzwe bifite amasezerano bigirana n’abantu. Ukoresheje Smart Contact, iba izi ibizagenderwaho mu gutanga amafaranga y’ubwishingizi ndetse n’uko amafaranga azatangwa. Hifashishijwe rya koranabuhanga rya Oracle, wahuza iyo nzu n’iyo programu, noneho niba warashinganishije inzu yawe, yashya, iyo Smart Contract igahita yohereza amafaranga. Bikagabanya igihe bitwara mbere y’uko amafaranga agera ku wishingirwa. Ndetse bikagabanya n’uburiganya.
Ibindi bintu bikoreshwamo Web3, harimo NFTs (Non Fungible Tokens), DeFi (Decentralized Finance), DAOs (Decentralized Autonomous Organizations), Dapps (Decentralized Applications) n’ibindi. Muri make, byose bishingiye kuri Decentralization nkuko twayisobanuye hejuru. Ibi byose byatangiye muri 2013, ubwo Ethereum yafungurwaga, ikemerera abandi bantu basanzwe kuba bakora programu zikoresha Blockchain bashingiye kuri Ethereum.
Duhishiwe iki?
Buri kwezi, tuzajya tugira ikiganiro kuri Web3. Iki kiganiro cyari ku nshuro ya kabiri. Mu kwezi gutaha tariki 16 Gashyantare 2024, tuzongera tuvuge kuri Web3, aho tuzaba turi kuyikoresha noneho, tutari mu magambo, abashaka kumenya uko ikora batangire kuyikoresha bayoborwa na Cyusa. Uretse ibi biganiro bya buri kwezi, abazabasha kuyiga bakaba bashobora kugira imishinga bayikoresha, turi kubategurira irushanwa hagati mu mwaka, aho imishinga ya bo izahatana, umushinga mwiza ugahembwa. Wifuza kuzabikurikirana, injira mu itsinda ryacu rya WhatsApp.
Mu cyumweru gitaha nanone ntimuzacikwe n’irindi somo, gusa ho ntituzaba tuvuga kuri Web3, ahubwo tuzaganira kuri Cloud computing, tumenye uko ikoreshwa, uko ikora, n’uko wowe wayikoresha. Iyandikishe hano ntuzacikwe. Ukeneye gutera inkunga ibikorwa bya Rwanda Technology Community, twandikire kuri community@techinika.com cyangwa info@techinika.com
Ibihe byiza!