Muri 2022, Ikigo kitwa OpenAI cyasohoye urubuga rwa ChatGPT. Kuva uru rubuga rwasohoka, ibintu byose byarahindutse, byinshi byarabaye, ndetse isi y’ikoranabuhanga yacitsemo igikuba kuko abantu benshi baba bafite ubwoba ko iri koranabuhanga rizahindura imikorere yose abantu bakabura akazi. Bamwe mu bakozi bahembwa amafaranga menshi, ni abakora bandika gahunda za mudasobwa cyangwa abitwa “software developers”, batekereza ko imbuga zikoresha ubwenge bw’ubukorano, zizamenya kwandika kode neza zikabasimbura.
Muri iyi nyandiko turavuga ku kazi gakorwa n’aba bantu ndetse tunavuge ku mpinduka turi kubona uyu munsi muri aka kazi, n’izindi mpinduka twakwitega mu gihe kizaza.
Aba “software developers” bakora iki?
Iyo abantu benshi bumvise iri zina, bahita batekereza umuntu wicaye imbere ya mudasobwa, yandika utunyuguti duto tudasobanutse, mu kirahure cya mudasobwa ye hasa umukara, utunyuguti tugenda dusimburana, ku buryo bisa nka maji ku muntu usanzwe utazi ibyo ari byo. Abantu benshi iyo unababwiye ko uri umu “software engineer”, bahita bakubwira ngo uri “umuhaka (hacker)“.
Kugira ngo usobanukirwe neza icyo aba bantu bakora, itegereze neza ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga ukoresha. Telefone, mudasobwa, ipad yawe, cyangwa televiziyo igezweho (Smart TV), iyo urebye ibi bikoresho, ubona bisa n’ibifite ubwenge. Iyo ukanze kuri 1, mu kirahure 1 ihita igaragara, iyo usibye, birasibika, wakanda ngo bivuge, bikavuga. Ibi bisa n’ubwenge, bituruka ku mabwiriza aba yarahawe izi mashini. Ayo mabwiriza rero atangwa n’aba bantu bitwa “software developers”.
Kugira ngo bahe amabwiriza izi mudasobwa, bakoresha indimi mudasobwa n’ibindi bikoresho bibasha kumva mu buryo bworoshye. Nkuko twigeze kubivugaho, mudasobwa yumva 1 na 0 (kanda hano niba utabizi ubisome), ariko abantu bakoze izindi ndimi zishobora guhindurwa muri 1 na 0, ariko zikorohera n’abantu kuzikoresha ngo bahe amabwiriza mudasobwa. Izo ndimi nizo zitwa “programming languages”. Igikorwa cyo kwandika amabwiriza muri izi ndimi, nicyo cyitwa “programming” cyangwa uzumva bamwe bavuga “coding”, cyangwa “kwandika kode”.
Iki ni kimwe mu byo aba bantu bakora, ariko ntibapfa kwandika kode uko biboneye gusa. Mbere yo kwandika kode, baba bagomba kubanza bagasobanukirwa ikibazo kode bandika zirakemura, bagatanga amabwiriza akemura icyo kibazo ufite, ayo mabwiriza iyo ahurijwe hamwe akora program/software ariyo twise gahunda ya mudasobwa. Barayiguha ukayishyira muri mudasobwa yawe kugira ngo ya mabwiriza akorane n’igikoresho cyawe. Ariko mbere yo kuguha iyi gahunda, baba bagomba kuyisuzuma bakamenya neza ko ikora nkuko bikenewe, kandi nta bindi bibazo izateza ku bikoresho byawe.
Uko software zikoreshwa n’abantu benshi kandi zigenda zikura, niko aba ba bantu bazikoze, bakomeza bashakisha uburyo bwo gutuma software iguma ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rishya, kandi uko abayikoresha baba benshi, nayo igakomeze gukora neza nta bindi bibazo ihura na byo.
Nonese gukora software bigezweho?
Igisubizo cyihuse ni “YEGO”. Impamvu software ndetse n’imbuga za interineti zigezweho ni uko, iyo udakoresheje software usanga usigara inyuma y’abandi. Hari software zo mu bwoko butandukanye, bitewe n’icyo ukora, haba hari software yagufasha kugikora mu buryo bworoshye. Waba uri umunyeshuri, waba uri umucuruzi, umuyobozi cyangwa se n’umuhinzi, software zirakenewe mu buzima bwacu twese.
Kubera ukuntu zongera umusaruro, ni yo mpamvu abantu bazikora, usanga bari mu bantu binjiza amafaranga menshi. Yaba akorera mu Rwanda, cyangwa mu bihugu byo hanze, usanga amafaranga bahembwa ari menshi, ndetse bagakuramo n’izindi nyungu, nko kuba bashobora gukorera mu rugo, bagakora bafite ubwigenge, kandi akazi bakora kakagirira akamaro umuntu wese aho yaba ari hose ku isi.
Kubera iki hari ubwoba bw’uko bazabura akazi?
Nkuko twatangiye tubivuga, kuva haza ChatGPT n’ikoranabuhanga rya Artificial Intelligence (AI), abantu benshi bafite ubwoba ko iri koranabuhanga rizabasimbura, kandi ubwoba bwa bo bufite ishingiro, ariko hari icyo babikoraho.
Impamvu ya 1 bantu bafite ubwoba,
Ni uko iri koranabuhanga rikoreshwa uriganiriza, aribwira icyo ashaka, rikamuha kode, ntiyirirwe azandika ahereye kuri zeru, akaba yakora nk’urubuga rwa interineti (website) mu gihe gito cyane kuko ugereranije n’uko byari bimeze mbere.
Impamvu ya 2,
Ni uko hari izindi mbuga na software, uha amabwiriza mu rurimi rusanzwe, yo ikaguha software/website yose ikoze kandi irangiye, udasabwe kwandika kode na gato. Ibi bikaba bishobora gukorwa n’abantu badafite ubumenyi na buke mu kwandika kode.
Indi mpamvu,
Ni ukubera ibigo bimwe na bimwe bikomeye, byatangiye kwirukana abakozi babo, kubera ko akazi kakorwaga n’abantu benshi, abantu bake cyane babasha kugakora.
Kubera ubu bushobozi, bituma abantu bibaza bati, niba iri koranabuhanga rishobora gukora ibi, twabwirwa niki ko ritazasimbura abantu burundu mu gihe cya vuba?
Ese koko AI izasimbura aba “software developers”?
Birashoboka, ariko kuri ubu, haracyari kare ntitwahita twemeza ko izabasimbura kuko nubwo ifite ubushobozi twavuze haruguru, twari twavuze ko kwandika kode, atari ko kazi konyine aba bantu bakora. Kuri ubu, kugira ngo izi AI zibashe gukora neza, haracyakenewe abantu bazikoresha.
AI iha aba “software developers” ubushobozi budasanzwe
Cyakoze nubwo itagiye guhita ibasimbura, ni ingenzi ko aba bantu biga gukoresha AI mu kazi ka bo kuko ibaha imbaraga zidasanzwe zo kuba bakora akazi kari gasanzwe gakorwa na benshi mu gihe gito. Niba ikigo cyakeneraga abakozi 10 bakora gahunda za mudasobwa zabo, noneho umuntu umwe akaba ashobora gukora akazi kakorwaga n’abantu 3, birumvikana ko abantu barenga 5, bazahita babura akazi kuko akazi ka bo hari umuntu uri kugakora wenyine.
Icyo ibi bishatse kuvuga, ni uko AI ntabwo ariyo izasimbura abantu, ahubwo umuntu uzi kuyikoresha neza, niwe uzasimbura abandi. Kuko icyo ikigo kiba gikeneye, ni umuntu utanga umusaruro utubutse, kandi birumvikana.
Ubumenyi bwo kwandika kode ntibugihagije
Niba umuntu yigaga kwandika kode bikaba bihagije ngo atangire gukora, ibi ntibigihagije. Nicyo gihe ngo nawe niba uri gushaka kuba umu software developer, umenye ko ukeneye gushaka ubumenyi buzatuma ugaragaza icyo urusha abandi, ndetse ugatanga umusaruro urushije kuwo watangaga.
AI ubwayo, ntabwo iragira ubushobozi bwo kuba yakwifasha yonyine ngo ikore ibintu neza 100%. Nubwo igaragara nk’ifite ubwenge, ariko ntabwo ari ubwenge nk’ubw’umuntu ahubwo yo ifite ubushobozi bwo guhuza amakuru, ikamenya igishobora kuvamo. Ntabwo ifite ubushobozi bwo gukemura ibibazo cyangwa ngo ifate umwanzuro nk’uko abantu babikora.
Nkuko twabivuze kandi, aka kazi na mbere y’uko umuntu atangira gukora software, aba agomba kumva neza icyo umukiriya ashaka (binyuze mu kiganiro), cyangwa ikibazo akeneye gukemura, agategura neza igishushanyo mbonera cy’uko software/website ikemura icyo kibazo izaza imeze; uko software igenda ikura, iki gishushanyo kirakura, kikagenda kivugururwa. Kuri ubu, ntabwo haraboneka ibikoresho byifashisha AI byakora ibi ku ma software manini cyane.
Ni iki gishoboka ubu?
Kugeza kuri ubu, dore ibyo AI yakora neza mu gufasha abakora software kurushaho gukora vuba kandi neza, no gutanga umusaruro urushijeho.
- Gutanga kode ziturutse mu kuyibwira amagambo asanzwe.
- Gushakisha ibibazo biri muri kode, no kuzuza kode umuntu atangiye kwandika. (Wandika gato, ikakuzanira ibisigaye)
- Gukora inyandiko zisobanura kode (documentation)
- Ifasha gusesengura no koroshya kode zanditswe n’undi muntu cyangwa izo yo yiyandikiye.
Dore noneho ibyo abantu bakora kurusha ibikoresho byifashisha AI.
- Guhitamo uburyo bw’imikorere, mbere yo gutangira gukora, abantu bahitamo ubwoko bw’ikoranabuhanga rirakoreshwa (stack)
- Gukemura ibibazo mu buryo bwa kimuntu. Iyo abantu bakemura ibibazo, bakurikiza amakuru ahari, ariko bagashyiramo n’amarangamutima, AI ntabwo igira amarangamutima.
- Gukora ibishushanyo mbonera bigendanye no guha ukoresha urubuga cyangwa software ibihe byiza mu gihe ayikoresha (user experience). Ibi nanone bisaba umuntu kuko abasha kwishyira mu mwanya w’umuntu uzakoresha iyo software.
- Gukorana n’abandi. Kugira ngo abantu bakorane n’abandi bahanahane ibitekerezo.
Nubwo twavuze kuri ubu bushobozi, ariko ntidukwiye kwibagirwa ko ubu bushobozi, kugira ngo AI ibugire, bisaba ko aba software developers baba ari bo bayibuha. Niba uri kwiga kuba umu software engineer cyangwa ubishaka, ukaba uri kwiga uko wayongerera ubushobozi, hari amahirwe menshi.
Nubwo tubabwira ibi byose, ntitubivuga ngo tubatere ubwoba, ahubwo ni ukugira ngo musobanukirwe ko hakenewe kwihugura bihagije ngo utazaguma inyuma ahubwo agaciro kawe ku isoko ry’umurimo gakomeze kigire hejuru. Ikoranabuhanga riberaho ngo ryoroshye ubuzima bwacu, iyo uryirengagije, abandi bakarikoresha, uhora ubona bakuri imbere kuko ubuzima bwa bo bworohejwe ariko wowe ukiri mu bya kera.
Niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa inyunganizi kuri iyi nyandiko, twandikire kuri email [email protected], tukugezaho amakuru n’ibitekerezo bishya bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga. Iyandikishe hano tujye tukumenyesha kuri email buri uko dushyizeho inyandiko nshya.
Ibihe byiza.