Disiki ya mudasobwa cyangwa Hard disk mu rurimi rw’amahanga (HDD Hard Disk Drive) ni ubwoko bw’ikoranabuhanga bubika sisitemu y’imikorere, porogaramu, na dosiye z’amakuru nk’inyandiko, amashusho n’umuziki, mudasobwa yawe ikoresha. Ikaba ifite akamaro kenshi kandi mudasobwa yawe iyo idafite hard disk ntiyabasha gukora. Iraka, ariko nta kintu wabasha gukora kubera ko Operating system (windows7,8, 10, na linux) ubwayo ishyirwa ndetse ikabikwa na hard disk ni ukuvuga ko mu gihe itarimo, mudasobwa yawe ntacyo yerekana.
Wakibaza uti ese zitaraza mudasobwa zakoraga gute? Zakoreshaga indi tekinoroji zifashishije Floppy disk. Iyo benshi bazi nka disikete.
Hard disk ya mudasobwa bwa mbere yatekerejwe ndetse ikorwa na Reynold B. Johnson (IBM engineer) International Business Machines kimwe mu bigo bishinzwe gutunganya no gukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga. We ku giti cye wazanye igitekerezo, cya disiki ifatika kandi ishobora kuva muri mudasobwa. Yitwaga Disiki ya IBM 350, yashyigikiye sisitemu ya mudasobwa ya IBM 305 RAMAC. Mu mwaka wa 1956 Nzeri ku ya 13 nibwo yakozwe, maze itangira gukoreshwa 1957.
Akamaro ka Hard disk ni akahe?
Ububiko: Akamaro ka mbere ka hard disk igufasha cyangwa ibika ibintu byose bya mudasobwa yawe ushaka ko bibamo igihe kirekire nk’amafoto, video, porogaramu, n’ibindi by’ingenzi bikeneye kubikwa muri mudasobwa yawe kugira ngo ukomeze uyikoreshe cyangwa ikomeze ikore neza nkuko bigombwa.
Backup (kwizigamira): Kimwe mubintu by’ingenzi ushobora gukora kugirango wirinde guhangayika mu gihe ibyo wabitse muri mudasobwa ushobora kuza bikenera byihutirwa, ni ukubika ibyo ufite muri mudasobwa yawe kuyindi disk. Backup ni kopi ya kabiri ya disiki yawe uzakoresha mu gihe hari ikintu kibaye kuri mudasobwa yawe mugihe amakuru arimo cyangwa ibyo wabitsemo utakiri kubasha kubibona. Iyo disk izagufasha kubibona bitakuruhije cyangwa utarindiriye ko mudasobwa yawe yongera gukora.
Ubwoko bwa Hard disk ni ubuhe ?
Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment (PATA)
Disiki zikomeye za PATA zamenyekanye bwa mbere ku isoko na Compaq na Western Digital mu 1986. Zishobora kugira ubushobozi bugera kuri 80GB no kohereza amakuru byihuse ku muvuduko wa 133 MB/S(Megabiti 133 mu isegonda). Usibye kandi kwitwa PATA, nanone zitwa Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) cyangwa Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics (EIDE). Disiki ikomeye ya PATA ikozwe mu bice by’imashini kandi ishingiye ku buhanga buhanitse bivuze ko zibasha kohereza amakuru menshi icyarimwe.
Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA)
Nyuma mudasobwa nyinshi za desktop na mudasobwa zigendanwa zabonye disiki zikomeye za SATA kuko zasimbuye disiki zikomeye za PATA mu bunini, gukoresha ingufu, ndetse no ku biciro byiza. Inyungu igaragara Disiki zikomeye za SATA zifite hejuru ya PATA ikomeye ni ihererekanya amakuru ku muvuduko wa 150-300MB/S. Mubyongeyeho, ifite insinga zoroshye kandi ikagira ntarengwa ya metero 1.
Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)
Disiki zikomeye za SCSI ni nk’ivugururwa rya SATA na PATA kubera impamvu nyinshi nko gukora amasaha yose, umuvuduko, kubika, n’ibindi byinshi. Icyiza muri byose, zemera guhuza ibikoresho nka printer, scaneri, nizindi disiki zikomeye. Mu byongeyeho, zohereza amakuru ku muvuduko wa 320MB/S. Ikindi wamenya nuko gucomeka SCSI kuri mudasobwa byasimbuwe na Universal Serial BUS (USB). Ibi bivuze ko SCSI itagikoreshwa mu bikoresho by’abaguzi.
Solid State Drive (SSD)
SSD ni ubwoko bwa disk bundi butandukanye na tekinoroji y’izindi disiki za mbere, ntabwo igizwe nibice binyeganyega iyo ikoreshwa kandi ntikoresha magnetisme(rukuruzi) mu kubika amakuru. SSD irakomeye ifite inyungu zigaragara zo kohereza amakuru ku muvuduko wa 550MB/S kandi igakora neza ikanihuta kurusha ubwoko bwa disiki bwayimbanjirije .
SSD ziba ari nto mu ngano yazo. Ndetse zikoreshwa cyane muri mudasobwa nto cyane.
Hard disk kuri mudasobwa yawe n’ ingenzi kandi Kuva kuri PATA kugeza SATA, SCSI na SSD, disiki zikomeye zirakorwa ndetse zikavumburwa kandi ubushakashatsi bwo gukora ibyiza burakomeje.
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