Kimwe mu bibazo abantu bambaza ni “Ni gute nakora website yanjye?”, “Wanyigishije gukora website”, n’ibindi byinshi. Kumva ibi binyibutsa amatsiko nari mfite ubwo natangiraga kwiga gukora website. Najyaga mbona imbuga nka YouTube nkibaza uko bazikoze, nkibaza uko Google bayikoze, uko Igihe bagikoze bikambera urujijo. Ariko ntangiye kubyinjiramo, nibwo namenye ko nanjye nshobora kubikora.
Mbere y’uko nkubwira uko nawe wabikora, reka tubanze twumve website icyo ari cyo. Ushobora kuba usanzwe uzi icyo aricyo, ariko muri make, website ni itsinda ry’amapaji ariho amakuru runaka, ayo ma paji akaba abitswe kuri mudasobwa imwe yitwa Server, kandi abantu bakaba basoma ayo makuru banyuze ku izina rihagarariye ayo ma paji (domain name), noneho umuntu ashobora kugera kuri ayo makuru yifashishije murandasi. Ntutekereze cyane kuri ayo magambo akomeye aragenda arushaho koroha.
Ni nde ukora website?
Website nkuko nabivuze, ni amapaji ariho amakuru. Umuntu wese ufite ubumenyi bwo gukora ayo mapaji, ashobora gukora website. Nawe uri gusoma ibi, ushobora kwiga ukagira ubwo bumenyi. Abantu bakora website bitwa web developers.
Ni ukubera iki wakora website?
Hari impamvu nyinshi zatuma ukora website. Nkuko twabivuze, website iba iriho amakuru. Amakuru ariho ashobora kuba ari mu buryo bw’amagambo, amashusho, amajwi, ndetse n’amafoto. Reka turebere hamwe zimwe mu mpamvu zatuma ukora website n’amakuru ashobora kujyaho:
- Ushaka kwamamaza (Ufite company, wifuza ko abantu bamenya icyo mukora cyangwa bakaba bashobora no kukugeraho byoroshye, ushobora gukora website iriho amakuru y’ingenzi ukeneye ko abantu bakumenyaho, kandi ugashyirahob uburyo bakugeraho).
- Ushaka gutumanaho (Urugero rwaba nka Facebook, Twitter, n’izindi. Izi ni website zikorwa zigamije gufasha abantu gutumanaho byoroshye).
- Ushaka guha abantu umwanya wo kwidagadura (Urugero nka YouTube, ZacuTV, Netflix, Agasobanuye Films n’izindi.)
- N’izindi mpamvu nyinshi.
Usabwa iki ngo ukore website?
Hari uburyo burenze bumwe bwo gukora website. Ubuzwi cyane ni ugukoresha amakode (coding), ariko hari n’ubundi buryo budasaba ko wowe wandika amakode.
Gusa uburyo bwose wakoresha, iyo website imaze gukorwa, kugira ngo umuntu ayisure, ibanza guhindurwa mu makode kugira ngo browser ibashe kuyigaragaza. Ikindi kandi mu gihe wakoresheje kode, usabwa kuba ufite:
- Mudasobwa (computer), ifite ubushobozi buhagije.
- Murandasi (Internet), ifite umuvuduko uhagije.
- Software igufasha gusura imbuga za internet (Browser), tukugira inama yo gukoresha iyitwa Google chrome, cyangwa Firefox.
- Software wandikiramo amakode (IDE) mu gihe urandika amakode. Twakugira inma yo gukoresha iyitwa VS Code.
Ni gute ukora website?
Nkuko twari tumaze kubivuga haruguru, hari uburyo bubiri bwo gukora website.
Ukoresheje Kode
Kubera iki kode? Ubundi, mudasobwa zacu ntabwo zumva ururimi nk’urwo twe abantu twumva. Mudasobwa zumva 0 na 1. Ariko abantu bakoze indimi bahuriyeho na mudasobwa [Kanda hano umenye uko izo ndimi zikora]. Izo ndimi ni zo abantu bakunze kwita kode, kuko kugira ngo ubashe kuzimenya bisaba kuziga nkuko wiga izindi ndimi.
Zimwe mu ndimi z’ingenzi ukeneye kwiga ngo ubashe gukora website ni izitwa HTML, CSS na JavaScript.
HTML ni ururimi rugena uko website izaba iteye ndetse n’ubwoko bw’amakuru azaba arimo. Bivuze ko wifuza ko website yawe ijyamo amafoto, amashusho cyangwa n’amagambo, ubishyiramo ukoresheje HTML.
Noneho iyo umaze gukora website na HTML, uba ukeneye gutuma isa neza. Kugira ngo ise neza, ukoresha urundi rurimi rwitwa CSS. Uru rurimi urukoresha ushyira nk’amabara muri website yawe, ugira ibyo uhisha, ushyiramo utuntu dukurura umuntu ndetse n’ibindi bitandukanye ukeneye ngo website yawe ise neza.
Gukoresha kode ngo ukore website biguha ububasha bwo gushyiramo ibyo ushaka ko bijyamo, uko ushaka ko bijyamo, ndetse n’aho ushaka ko bijya. Kandi uba ufite ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibyo washyizemo igihe ushatse kubihindura.
Kugira ngo ubashe gukora website iri ku rwego rwiza, bigusaba gufata igihe kinini. Gusa hari ubundi buryo wakoramo website, bitagusabye kwiga kwandika kode cyangwa igihe kinini.
Udakoresheje Kode
Ubu uri kwibaza uti ese birashoboka? Yego rwose birashoboka. Hari uburyo burenze bumwe bwo gukora website utanditse kode, kandi byihuse. Ubwo buryo bwitwa CMS (Content Management System). Wibashishije ubu buryo, ubona website isanzwe ikoze, ugahindura amakuru arimo ugashyiramo ayawe cyangwa ugakora iyawe uko ubyifuza ugenda uterura ibice ukeneye akaba aribyo ukoresha.
Imwe muri CMS zizwi cyane ni WordPress. Umuntu ufite ubumenyi bwo gukora website ashaka muri wordpress arayikora, ariko nawe udafite ubumenyi buhambaye, wakora website ukeneye. Izindi CMS zizwi ni nka Joomla, Drupal, HubSpot CMS Hub, Shopify (Ku bifuza gukora website zo gucururizaho), Wix, BigCommerce, Ghost, Magento, n’izindi.
Kuzikoresha ntabwo bisaba kuba ufite ubumenyi buhambaye, ariko hari ibyo ubanza kwitaho mbere yo guhitamo CMS ukoresha:
- Ureba niba yoroshye kuyikoresha, hari igihe usanga kuyikoresha birutwa no kwandika kode.
- Ureba kandi ku bushobozi iguha n’amahitamo uba ufite yo gukora ibyo ushaka uko ubishaka
- Ureba niba ikwemerera kuba wakoresha amakuru ibitse ahandi.
- Ureba niba uzabona ubufasha mu kuyikoresha
- Umutekano w’amakuru
- Ureba ku mafaranga bizagusaba ngo uyikoreshe.
Guhitamo neza biguha ubushobozi bwo kwishimira ibisubizo ubona. Gusa abantu bamwe bahitamo kwandika kode kuko nubwo kutandika kode ari byiza kandi bikihuta, ariko hari aho ibyo ubasha gukora bigarukira.
Ni ahawe ngo uhitemo ibikubereye. Ubu ushobora gukora website yawe nta bumenyi ufite ku kwandika kode. Twaguhaye zimwe muri video twakoze ku gukora website ukoresheje kode, ariko tuzakora n’izindi ku gukora website udakoresheje kode. Kugira ngo utazacikwa, kora Subscribe kuri YouTube channel yacu. Uramutse kandi ukeneye umuntu ugufasha gukora website, ntuzuyaze kutwandikira.
Twizere ko iyi nkuru igufashije kandi hari icyo wungukiyemo, wifuza ko twagufasha twandikire kuri email yacu info@techinika.com ushobora kandi kwinjira mu itsinda ryacu kuri Whatsapp, kugira ngo umenye byinshi ku ikoranabuhanga ndetse n’ibyo dukora, ndetse tujye tukugezaho amakuru mashya mbere.
Ukeneye ko twagufasha gukora website, Kanda hano ubisabe.
Niba hari icyo iyi nkuru igufashije, bwira abandi uko Techinika igufashije, ni inkunga ikomeye. Kanda hano.
