Amashusho n’amajwi ntibikiri ikizibiti – deepfake

Iyo umuntu agiye mu rukiko, cyangwa akeneye kwirwanaho ngo agaragaze ko arengana mu bimushinjwa cyangwa mu byo yaguyemo, amajwi n’amashusho bishobora gukoreshwa nk’ibimenyetso cyangwa ibizibiti bimutabara, bikagaragaza ko arengana. Ariko nyuma y’uko hari ikitwa Deepfake, amajwi n’amashusho ntibizakomeza kuba byakwizerwa ngo bigutabare.

Nk’uko ubibonye muri iyi video mberetse, uyirebye wagira ngo koko ni Elon Musk uri kuvuga, ariko ntabwo ari we. Ibi byagiye bikorwa kenshi, hakorwa video zirimo amashusho y’abantu bakomeye, ibyamamare, ndetse n’amajwi ukumva ari ayabo ku buryo bigoranye kuba wamenya gutandukanya video ya nyayo, n’itari iya nyayo. Video nk’izi cyangwa amafoto nk’aya, nibyo bita Deepfake, ariko birashoboka cyane ko utazi deepfake icyo ari cyo, niyo mpamvu ukwiye gusoma iyi nyandiko kugeza ku iherezo.

Deepfake ni iki?

Deepfake ni amashusho n’amajwi bigaragaza amakuru asa navugwa n’abantu ba nyabo ariko ayo mashusho yarakozwe n’ikoranabuhanga rya Artificial Intelligence. Nkuko twabivuze ubushize mu nyandiko yavugaga kuri ChatGPT, twavuze ko iri koranabuhanga rya AI, riba rifite ubushobozi bwo kwiga nk’uko abantu biga. Rikoresheje ibyo ryiga, rimaze kugira ubushobozi bwo kuba ryakora amashusho rigahindura n’amajwi rikaba ryakora video nk’iyo nari naberetse hejuru.

Aho ni ho bituruka kuba abantu baryifashisha mu gukora Deepfake. Mu mwaka wa 2018, umukinnyi wa filme witwa Jordan Peele yakoze video igaragaza uwahoze ari Perezida wa Amerika Barack Obama, agira ati “Turi kwinjira mu bihe, aho abanzi bacu, batuma umuntu avuga ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose, igihe icyo ari cyo cyose.” Iyi ni video yaririmo ishusho ya Obama, ariko amagambo yavugaga, ntabwo yari we, ahubwo yari Jordan Peele.

Byatangiye bite?

Twese tuzi imvugo abantu bajya bakoresha bavuga ngo amashusho ntabeshya. Ariko ubwo hazaga gahunda za mudasobwa nka Photoshop, n’izindi zikora nka yo, byatangiye kugaragara ko twibeshya. Kuko icyo gihe nta kuri kwari kukiri mu mafoto n’amashusho. Umuntu yashoboraga kongera ibyo ashaka mu mashusho cyangwa ku ifoto.

Amafoto ntiyari akiri ikimenyesho nyamukuru kigaragaza ko ikintu cyabaye. Nubwo kuri video ho hari hakiri umutekano kuko umuntu atashoboraga guhindura umwimerere wayo ngo ntibigaragare. Ariko ibi byose biri guhinduka kubera Deepfake nkuko twabisobanuye hejuru. Hifashishijwe deepfake, abantu bashobora gufata amajwi y’umuntu bakayaha isura yawe bakakugira nk’aho ari wowe uri kuyavuga n’amashusho akaba agaragaza ko ari wowe kandi utarigeze ubikora.

Ariko na mbere y’uko twinjira muri deepfake, ujya ubona abantu bafata amashusho yabo bihinduye, bigize nk’inyamaswa, cyangwa bishyizeho amahembe n’ibindi kuri SnapChat. Ririya n’itangiriro, kuko ikoranabuhanga rifasha imashini kumenya ko iri kureba isura cyangwa ikitari isura (Face Detection), niyo ituma byose bishoboka.

Bikorwa bite?

Kuva mu myaka itari iya vuba, abakina filme, bari barashoboye gukora nk’ibyo iri koranabuhanga rikora, ariko byatwaraga igihe kirekire, kandi bikaba bihenze cyane, kuko byabasabaga kuba bafite ibyuma byabugenewe, bakabishyira ku isura y’umuntu bashaka kwigana, bagafata, uko isura ye ikora, bakazafata ikindi gihe babishyira ku yindi sura. Gusa ibi ntibyakoraga buri gihe, kuko hari ubwo imikinire y’abantu babiri itandukana. Ibi byakozwe nko muri StarWars.

Gusa ubu, n’umuntu usanzwe na we ashobora gukora deepfake yifashishije gahunda ya mudasobwa yitwa FakeApp. Iyi ni programu ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya Artificial Intelligence, ikagufasha kuba wahindura video ugashyiramo isura y’umuntu ushaka ukoresheje amafoto ye yandi ukuye kuri murandasi. Ibi bitandukanye na biriya byakozwe n’abakinnyi ba filme, kuko ibi byo ntibisaba igihe kirekire, kandi ntibihenze, kandi bitanga ibisubizo bisa.

Bishoboka bite: Biroroshye kubyumva, kuko video igizwe n’amafoto menshi akurikiranye yihuta. Biroroshye ko imashini ifite ubwenge (AI) yafata ayo mafoto igahindura ibigaragazwamo.

Ku majwi kandi na ho, ntibikiri ikibazo gikomeye kuba abantu bahindura bagashyiraho ijwi ry’umuntu ngo bihure. Kuko mu mwaka wa 2016, mu nama ya Adobe, batangaje ko bafite gahunda ya mudasobwa yitwa Adobe VOCO. Iyi programu izaba ifite ubushobozi bwo kuba yahindura ijwi ikavuga ijwi ryose ushatse, wowe ukandika amagambo ushaka ko ivuga ikayavuga uko ubishaka.

Bizagenda gute?

Biragaragara ko uko ikoranabuhanga ritera imbere bigoranye ko ibi byazagabanuka, amahirwe menshi ni uko biziyongera. Izi ni zimwe mu ngaruka mbi zizaturuka mu kuba deepfakes zakoreshwa:

1. Hari abagiye bafata amasura y’ibyamamare bakayakoresha mu mashusho y’urukozasoni bifashishije iri koranabuhanga.
2. Abanyapolitike bafite ibibazo bikomeye kuko akenshi bavuga bari ahantu hamwe byorohera abantu kuba babahimbira ibyo batavuze bigateza imyiryane.
3. Abantu basanzwe ntibazagira ubushobozi bwo kumenya amakuru y’ibihuha n’atari ibihuha. Bisanzwe bigoranye. Ibaze uko byagenda n’iri koranabuhanga.

Ni gute wamenya ko video ari deepfake?

Biragoranye ko wamenya ko video ari deepfake cyangwa atari yo ukoresheje amaso yawe, ariko birashoboka witegereje ibice by’umubiri nk’amaso, iminwa, ndetse n’igice kiri inyuma y’uvuga (background). Uretse ibyo, hari ikizere ko n’ikoranabuhanga ribasha kumenya ko amashusho ari aya nyayo cyangwa atari aya nyayo na ryo ryazatera imbere kuko nkuko deepfake zikoresha AI, birashoboka ko AI yakongera ikifashishwa mu kumenya deepfake n’ikitari deepfake. Iramutse yeretswe ibiri byo n’ibitari byo.

Igitekerezo cy’umwanditsi: Deepfake ni technology nziza ishobora kugira uruhare mu buryo bwinshi ariko yakwangiza byinshi. Nyimenya bwa mbere, nayimenye ndi gukurikirana isomo ry’ubunyamakuru, bavugaga ko umunyamakuru agomba kubanza akagenzura aho amakuru yaturutse, yaba amashusho cyangwa amajwi. Nibiba ngombwa anavugishe, abantu bavugwa muri video cyangwa bavugamo, amenye neza ko koko bavuze ibyo. Aho ni ku banyamakuru no mu kurwanya ibihuha.

Nakugira inama yo kudapfa kwemera amakuru yose wakiriye yaba amafoto, amashusho cyangwa amajwi, kandi ubanze uyagenzure niba bigushobokera. Nujya kuyatanga, unabivuge ko utizeye neza aho yaturutse niba utabizi. Ariko se, bizagenda gute mu rukiko? Amashusho nk’ikizibiti bizagenda gute? Ni ikihe kimenyetso kizongera gutabara umuntu? Aha ho hagomba gukorwa iperereza ryimbitse, inzego zikora iperereza zifite byinshi byazifasha guhuza amakuru bakamenya ko ikimenyetso ari icya nyacyo cyangwa atari cyo. Hagomba kubaho uburyo bwo kudafata umwanzuro hagendewe ku kimenyetso kimwe gusa.

Deepfake zinjiye mu buzima bwacu. Wowe urazitekerezaho iki? Waba uzi inkuru y’ahantu Deepfake zakoreshejwe wadusangiza? Injira mu itsinda ryacu rya WhatsApp tuganire.

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